MS DOS

 

 

 

                                                                  MS DOS

 

 

Microsoft Disk Operating System is a single User single tasking Operating System. It is based on command, so that command is used to interface between user and computer. In dos each and every command is written on command prompt(C:\>).

 

Command:- A command is a small piece of code(sort program) Which perform the task related to instruction.

     There are two types of command

(i)Internal Command

(ii)External Command

(i)Internal Command:-

                                      Internal Command are those command , which are loaded into primary memory after booting. It is also known as memory resident .

                   Internal command are built into the system as part of a file called Command.com. They are loaded into memory whenever you switch on your computer. When you type an internal command , MS-Dos  performs it immediately.

The Ms- DOS internal  command are listed below.

                                 BREAK                  DEL                         PATH                                     SHIFT

                                 CALL                                    DIR                          PAUSE                                  TIME

                                 CHAP                                  ECHO                     PROMPT                              TYPE

                                 CHDIR(CD)                        EXIT                        REM                                       VER

                                 CLS                                        FOR                        REN(RENAME)                  VERIFY

                                 COPY                                    GOTO                    RMDIR(RD)                         VOL

                                 DATE                    MAKDIR(MD)

 

                                                               OR

Internal commands which are already loaded in the command .com file while switching to the MS DOS.

   Ex:- CLS,VER,DEL etc.

(ii)External command:-

                                      Those commands which are not loaded when loading the program but are available in the Disk and can be invoked whenever necessary. Files with extension  .com or .EXE are external commands, because ,these commands are not built into the operating system.

 

 The some external  commands are followings.

 

APPEND                               EDLIN                                    KEYB                                      RESTORE

ASSIGN                                                EXE2BIN                               KEYBXX                                                SETVER

ATTRIB                                  FASTOPEN                          LABEL                                    SHARE

BACKUP                               FC                                           SORT                                     CHKDSK

FDISK                                    MODE                                   SUBST                                   COMMAND

FIND                                      MORE                                   SYS                                         COMP

FORMAT                              NLSFUNC                             TREE                                      DELTREE

GRAFTABL                           PRING                                   XCOPY                                  DISKCOMP

GRAPHICS                           RECOVER                             DISKCOPY                           JOIN                              REPLACE

 

#  When  you type an external command MS-DOS looks for the command in the current directory. If it is not there you must guide MS-DOS to the relevant  directory with the PATH  command.

 

 

      

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

There are following commands:-

 

(i)                  Date command:-

To display the system date or current date in the form of “MM-DD-yy” type Date command on command prompt.

 C:\>  Date ↩

·         Time command:-

                To display the system time or current time , then type Time command.

            C:\> time↩

*CLS Command:-

               For clear the screen type CLS command in command prompt.

                      C:\> Cls ↩

·         Copy con Command:-

For creating the new file use this command on the System prompt.

C:\> Copy con File name↩

            After type this command type some text and press CTRL +Z ↩ or F6 for Save .

                       (Then message shown as:- one file copied)

·        Type command:-

            This command is used for displaying the text of  file.

       

        C:\> type  file name  ↩

*Type  con >> File name:-

            When user wants to add some text in created file. Then follow suitable Syntax.

 

C:\> Type  con >>File name ↩

NOTe:- After type some text press CTRL  + Z  or  F6. For save.

 

 

*DIR  COMMAND:-

 

        This command is used for display the name of  total files and directories, then type  this  command on command prompt.

C:\> DIR ↩

 

 

·        Dir/P :-  When list of file name are more than one page  then  this  command is used for display its page by page.

 

C:\> DIR/p  ↩

*Del/Erase command:-

                For deleting of  file use del  or Erase command on command  prompt.

                 C:\> DEL   File name  ↩

·        Copy Command :-

 

When user wants to create copy of a file  use  copy  command on the  command  prompt.

 

 C:\> COPY  𝟇  Old file name  𝟇  New file name . ↩

 

 

 

 

 

*SORT  COMMAND:-

After creating the file if user wants to arrange  text (A TO z ) or number (0 to 9) in               ascending order then use this command.

C:\> SORT 𝟇 file name ↩

*DEL/ERASE COMMAND:-

      For deleting of file use del command or Erase command  on the suitable prompt.

 

                        C:\> DEL   𝟇 file name ↩

                                                      Erase  𝟇 file name ↩

*Copy Command:-

         When user wants to create copy of the file (Duplicate file) used copy command.

C:\>  Copy   𝟇 Source file name 𝟇 Target file name ↩

     

·        REN  command:-

                For changing the name of file  use  Ren command .

 

C:\>  Ren  𝟇 Old file name 𝟇 New file name ↩

 

*Batch command:-

In Microsoft Disk operating System user exquit one  by  one  command  on the       suitable  prompt, But by using Batch file we can Store More than one command and run it at the same time  .

Syntax:-

C:\> Copy 𝟇 Con  𝟇 File  name .BAT ↩

      HERE , Now type  several  command  to create  Batch  file. Such As:-

                    Cls ↩

                           Time ↩

                    Date ↩

                     Dir ↩

            CTRL + Z (For Save).

            (Here upper four commands are saved in to a single batch file.)

For display this Batch File type:-

 

·        File name .BAT  Command:-

For Run or exquit  more  than  one  command ,which  store in to particular batch file use this Syntax:-

Syntax:-

   C:\> File name.BAT ↩


*Batch command:-

In Microsoft Disk operating System user exquit one  by  one  command  on the       suitable  prompt, But by using Batch file we can Store More than one command and run it at the same time  .

Syntax:-

C:\> Copy 𝟇 Con  𝟇 File  name .BAT ↩

      HERE , Now type  several  command  to create  Batch  file. Such As:-

                    Cls ↩

                           Time ↩

                    Date ↩

                     Dir ↩

            CTRL + Z (For Save).

            (Here upper four commands are saved in to a single batch file.)

For display this Batch File type:-

 

·        File name .BAT  Command:-

For Run or exquit  more  than  one  command ,which  store in to particular batch file use this Syntax:-

Syntax:-

   C:\> File name.BAT ↩

·        Directory commands:-

        MD-Make a Directory.

        CD- Change  a  Directory.

        RD- Remove  a  Directory.

        CD..-One Directory Back.

         CD\- Return on the Root Directory.

·        MD Command:-

               IT’s  used to create a directory  or  subdirectory with in  a  directory.

Syntax:-

                C:\> MD Directory Name ↩

·        CD Command:-

                     It is used to change form one  directory,  means to open any directory.

                  C:\> CD Directory Name ↩

·        RD:-

           It is used to Remove  a directory.

    C:\>  RD  Directory  Name  ↩

·        CD..  Command:-

It’s  used  to  move/Return one  directory  back.

 

Syntax:-

   CD..  ↩

*CD\ Command:-

    Its used for move/return back to root  directory (c:\>).

 

(Q) Create  a Directory  for:-

                                                            India

                                                                

                                

                           Bihar                                                            UP

                      

 

C:\>  MD   India  ↩

C:\>   CD    India  ↩

C:\India > Md Bihar ↩

C:\ India> Cd  Bihar ↩

C:\ India\ Bihar> Cd..  ↩

C:\> India>   MD  UP  ↩

C:\> India >  CD UP    ↩

C:\> India\UP>   CD..  ↩

C:\india >

 

To display the tree like structure  type TREE command ,Then a tree Like structure shown as:-

C:\india > TREE  ↩

                  (Then a  path  shown as:-)

India

                                Bihar      

                   

                                 UP .

 

 

 

*Ren/Rename command:-

For changing the name of file use Ren command on the command        prompt.

C:\> Ren 𝟇 old file name 𝟇 new filename ↩

*Batch file:-

                In Microsoft disk operating system user run one by one command on the suitable prompt, but by using batch file we can store more than one commands and run it at the same time .

Syntax:-

C:\> Copy  𝟇 con 𝟇 filename.Bat↩

        After type multiple commands  press CTRL +Z for save.

*For run batch file type :-

FILE name. BAT COMMAND:-

 

    For run or display more than one command which store into particular batch file use this Syntax.

C:\> File name.BAT ↩

 

·        doskey command:-

By using this command we can create shortcut key of any dos command .

C:\> Doskey 𝟇 C=cls ↩

            Doskey 𝟇 D=Dir ↩

                        Doskey  𝟇 T=Time ↩

·        Tree commad:-

         To display the branch of directory use suitable command on the command prompt.

Syntax:- Tree  MODE command:-

      This command is used for increase/decrease the size of screen/ dilogbox, when you follow the syntax.

 

C:\> Mode  𝟇 80 ↩

·        MORE Command:-

       This command is used for display our file text/Sentences according to size of screen/dilog box.

Syntax:-

          More  𝟇 file name ↩

·        color command:-

            This command is used for change the back ground and for ground color  of  screen/text.

 

Syntax:-  color   100↩

 

 

 

     

 

 

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